Structural biology is the essential part of modern biology for understanding the fascinating molecular events within the cell and for developing novel therapeutics. We are particularly interested in the structure-function relationship of the protein complexes involved in protein degradation and autophagy pathways. A myriad of proteins and organelles in cell have their own life-span. Problems in protein and/or organelle turn-over cause defects in cellular processes and subsequently numerous diseases in general. Accordingly, to understand structure-function relationship on the target proteins and related molecule diseases, it is important to recognize protein degradation signals, activation mechanism of proteases, and molecular events in the autophagic pathways. The below three sections sketch our key research activities. (1) Ubiquitin biology (particularly interested in N-degron pathway) (2) Autophagic degradation (3) Bacterial degradation signal recognition